On English Pygmies and Giants: the Physical Stature of English Youth in the late-18th and early-19th Centuries

The physical stature of lower- and upper-class English youth are
compared to one another and to their European and North American
counterparts. The height gap between the rich and poor was the
greatest in England, reaching 22 cm at age 16. The poverty-stricken
English children were shorter for their age than any other European
or North American group so far discovered, while the English rich
were the tallest in their time: only 2.5 cm shorter than today’s US
standards. Height of the poor declined in the late-18th century,
and again in the 1830s and 1840s conforming to the general European
pattern, while the height of the wealthy tended rather to increase
until the 1840s and then levelled off.