Experiments and simulation of transverse cooling and heating in ion channeling

Within the theory of ion channeling in single crystals the
so-called rule of reversibility claims equal probabilities for de-
and rechanneling. However, the experimental study of this work
shows a strong violation of this rule. Specially developed computer
simulations provide the explanation of this unexpected behavior in
terms of a hysteresis of the mean ion charge state during the ion's
motion along lattice directions. This sheds new light on the
process of charge exchange of heavy ions in solids.