Scientific Evidence and Rationale for the Development of Curcumin and Resveratrol as Nutraceutricals for Joint Health

Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) are key
cytokines that drive the production of inflammatory mediators and
matrix-degrading enzymes in osteoarthritis (OA). These
proinflammatory cytokines bind to their respective cell surface
receptors and activate inflammatory signaling pathways culminating
with the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a transcription
factor that can be triggered by a host of stress-related stimuli
including, excessive mechanical stress and ECM degradation
products. Once activated, NF-κB regulates the expression of many
cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, inflammatory mediators,
and several matrix-degrading enzymes. Therefore, proinflammatory
cytokines, their cell surface receptors, NF-κB and downstream
signaling pathways are therapeutic targets in OA. This paper
critically reviews the recent literature and outlines the potential
prophylactic properties of plant-derived phytochemicals such as
curcumin and resveratrol for targeting NF-κB signaling and
inflammation in OA to determine whether these phytochemicals can be
used as functional foods.